Osteocartilage degeneration is a degenerative disease of the spinal disease, whose basis is damage to the intervertebral disc.Long-term microquantization, excessive static and dynamic loading, hereditary tendencies, and advanced age promote the development of spinal degenerative diseases.The most common locations of lesions are the cervical and lumbar vertebrae.This is due to their maximum mobility and load.
General concept of osteochondrosis
Over time, the disc loses its fluid and loses its absorbing impact function.Its resistance to physical fatigue is reduced.The fiber ring located on the periphery of the disk gradually becomes thinner, and cracks form.The pulp moves around in the form of cracks and formsyolk(Local protrusion, 1 degree).Due to the enhanced physical activity, protrusions can be spasmally increased and transferred into the cavity of the vertebral passageway.In this case, they talk about hernia in the disc (2 degrees).Sometimes free fragments of nuclear formation -Isolator.
In the early stages of the disease, the pain can be explained by excessive breakdown of the stimulation of the annulus fibrous and posterior longitudinal ligament.Pain can be locally located in the neck or in the neck as well as in remote areas.With cervical osteochondrosis, the pain can be reflected in the back of the head, blades and space areas, shoulder carriers and hands.
Pain is accompanied by reflex spasms of the quadratic opportunities.This phenomenon is protective and stabilizes the defined part of the spine.Over time, muscle contraction becomes an independent source of pain.When transferred toward the foramen, the hernia squeezed the nearby nerve roots.Radiation pain is firing, permeable and is clearly localized during nerve innervation.It is accompanied by appropriate neurological manifestations:
- Reduced sensitivity;
- Reflection failed;
- Muscle weakness.
The degeneration of the disk violates the normal anatomical ratio between the components of the spine: discs, vertebrae, joints, and ligaments.The gradual decline in disc height leads to changes in joint bonds and the formation of subluxation and dislocation of the vertebrae.This fact indicates instability of the spine and reduces resistance to injury, which may lead to an increase in osteochondrosis.
As the age increases, the stability of the spine is restored due to the formation of bone plants, hypertrophy of joint processes, disk fibrosis, thickening of joint ligaments and capsules.The final stage of the pathological process is called spondylosis.The pain subsided by this period.
The main symptoms of cervical osteochondrosis
At the level of the cervical segment, nerve roots and their arteries, the spinal cord, its blood vessels, and spinal arteries may be compressed.Compression of the spinal cord is possible due to posterior intervertebral hernia or posterior genus.People with spinal stenosis are particularly susceptible to this effect.With hernia, signs of compression of cervical osteochondrosis appear quickly, and symptoms of cerebrospinal fluid frequency current are also soft.
Clinically, it is very difficult to distinguish the compression of the spinal cord with tumors and hernia.Osteochondrosis in the cervical spine is manifested by spasticity reduction in the legs, sensitivity, pain, and impotence-conducting disorders in the hands.In some cases, the signs of compression are combined with signs of ischemia of spinal cord material caused by compression of spinal cord arteries and radiated blood vessels.
Symptoms of damage to the anterior angle and abdominal (blood supply to the anterior spinal artery) may suddenly develop with the participation of the pyramidal pathway.Anterior spinal syndrome occurs: short reduction in the arms, reduced spasticity in the legs, and impaired sphincter function.Sometimes, symptoms that seriously violate strong sensitivity develop.After 2-3 weeks, signs of spinal stroke begin to retreat.In terms of the volume of the pathological focus, we can say the severity of the residual phenomenon.
Cervical marrow disease
Myelopathy is chronic ischemia used for cervical osteochondrosis.By compressing blood vessels, it plays an important role in the development of this syndrome.The most distinctive ones are the failure of the ventral part of the lateral pillar and the anterior angle.It is manifested by a spastic reduction in the arms, spastic paralysis in the legs, which violates the deep sensitivity of the legs (classic triad).
In many patients, Lermitta's symptoms appear: the feeling of electrical discharge along the entire spine and the pain in the hands and legs is irradiated while driving.Side muscular trophic sclerosis without bulb symptoms can develop.
MRI and CT play an important role in confirming fibroids, which reveals the compression of shell bags with bone plants and thickened yellow bundles.
Signs of radiation compression
As the underlying disc wears faster, spinal disease can occur in the corresponding segments.The foramen of bone plants are narrowed and squeezed into the roots (more commonly compresses the hernia of the intervertebral disc in the epidural space on the lumbar spine).When moving the growing head, the spine is injured, resulting in edema, which further shrinks the vertebrae.Develop reactive inflammatory response.
Clinical manifestations:
- C3 -Koreshok (below 2 cervical vertebrae, rarely happens) - The corresponding half of the neck pain, a feeling of swollen tongue, a feeling of coma in the throat;
- C4 -Koreshok-proper shoulder flow, clavicle, trapezoidal muscle atrophy, lowering of neck muscle tone (stimulation at the roots of 3 and 4 increases the tone of the diaphragm, resulting in changes in the liver and the appearance of the liver);
- C5 -depecor- Pain in the shoulder and external surfaces, atrophy of the deltoid muscle;
- C6- koreshok (one of the most common local positions) - neck, blade, shoulders, radial surfaces of the forearm spread to 1 finger, ice mask in the hands, weakness of biceps in both muscles;
- C7-koreshok-pain spreads to 2-3 fingers, accompanied by abnormalities, weaknesses in the triceps;
- C8 -Koreshok- Pain extends to the elbow surface of the forearm and is accompanied by sensory abnormalities.
Cervical reflex syndrome
Vertebral syndrome is manifested by acute cervical pain (obesity, cervix), with less chronic or subacute pain.The main sources of pain syndrome are the annulus, posterior longitudinal ligament, joint capsules, and tense muscles.krivosheya is not as obvious as the curvature of the lumbar spine.
Pain and soreness, radiating to the back of the head.It can be exacerbated when driving or staying in one position for a long time.During palpation, spinous process and capsule soreness were determined on the sore side (a process along the posterior surface of the neck of 3-4 cm) and soreness were determined.Participating not only in the back process, but also in the anterior muscles (anterior staircase, etc.) of the spine are characterized.
Front Stair Syndrome
Stair muscle tension often occurs in cervical bone cartilage.Compared to healthy sides, muscles are determined by the sides of the muscles with increased pressure, density and size.Due to voltage, compression of the hyperplasmic blood vessels occurs, accompanied by pain and swelling in the hands, impaired sensitivity and motor activity (along the nerves of the elbow).The pain intensifies at a horizontal position.
Small chest muscle syndrome
The development mechanism is similar to the previous one.Compression at the end of vasofreeze occurs between the muscle and the shoulder bone (or corave process), under conditions of kidnapping with increased hands.It is accompanied by chest, shoulder blade, hand pain.
Existing characteristics are often considered VSD for heart pain (no acute attack, the effect of taking nitroglycerin or sedatives is not increased, and symptoms are increased during exercise and palpation).
Postsympathetic syndrome
Vasomotor disease is characterized by the onset of sympathetic nerve stimulation of the vertebral artery.The branches of the plexus are located in the tissues of the brain and skull.It is clinically manifested as dizziness, ears ringing, spectacular disease, and anxiety.
The compression of the bone artery emitted from the joints of the spine, combined with the atherosclerosis of these blood vessels, is an atherosclerosis of these blood vessels and an important pathogenic factor in the development of insufficient arteries in the brain and spinal cord.
in conclusion
In most cases, hand and neck pain is associated with cervical osteochondrosis.In some patients, the pain is caused by hernia in the intervertebral disc, and in others - arthritis in bone plants and spinal joints.Each of these choices can cause local or reflex pain, radiation syndrome and bone marrow disease.When examining patients with neck pain, it is necessary to rule out such pathology:
- Tumors of the spine;
- epidural abscess;
- Spondylitis;
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage;
- meningitis;
- Hall abscess;
- stratification of carotid artery;
- Cervical spine fracture.